Copyright
Dedication
The CIT Cram Sheet
CATALYST TROUBLESHOOTING
TOP-DOWN/BOTTOM-UP TROUBLESHOOTING
TCP/IP TROUBLESHOOTING COMMANDS
TROUBLESHOOTING TOOLS
ROUTER TROUBLESHOOTING COMMANDS
TROUBLESHOOTING COMMANDS FOR THE LOWER LAYERS
CISCO CONNECTION ONLINE
PPP/CHAP TROUBLESHOOTING
FRAME RELAY TROUBLESHOOTING COMMANDS
SERIAL INTERFACE TROUBLESHOOTING
TROUBLESHOOTING ROUTING PROTOCOLS
A Note from Series Editor Ed Tittel
About the Author
About the Technical Editors
Acknowledgments
We Want to Hear from You!
Introduction
Taking a Certification Exam
Tracking CCNP Status
How to Prepare for an Exam
About This Book
Self-Assessment
A CCNP in the Real World
The Ideal CCNP Candidate
Put Yourself to the Test
Testing Your Exam-Readiness
Assessing Your Readiness for the CCNP Support Exam
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1 TokenChapter 1. Overview of Cisco Certification
The Exam Situation
Exam Layout and Design
Exam-Taking Techniques
Question-Handling Strategies
Mastering the Inner Game
Additional Resources
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1 TokenChapter 2. Networking Principles
Network Models
OSI Reference Model
The Application Layer
The Presentation Layer
The Session Layer
The Transport Layer
The Network Layer
The Data Link Layer
The Physical Layer
Internetwork Troubleshooting Model
Step 1: Define the Problem
Step 2: Gather the Facts
Step 3: Review and Evaluate the Possibilities
Step 4: Design a Plan of Action
Step 5: Implement the Action Plan
Step 6: Evaluate and Observe the Solution
Step 7: Document the Solution
Cisco Three-Layer Hierarchical Model
The Core Layer
The Distribution Layer
The Access Layer
Chapter Summary
Exam Prep Practice Questions
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1 TokenChapter 3. LAN Technologies
LAN Topology Types
Bus
Ring
Star
Ethernet
Collision and Broadcast Domains
Ethernet Elements
CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) Protocol
Fast Ethernet
Duplexing
Gigabit Ethernet
Unicast, Broadcasts, and Multicast
ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)
Token Ring
Frame Format of Token Ring
Active Monitor
Wireless
Segmentation
Segmenting a Network with Bridges
Segmentation Using LAN Switches
Segmenting with a Router
Chapter Summary
Exam Prep Practice Questions
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1 TokenChapter 4. Troubleshooting TCP/IP
TCP/IP Overview
DoD Model
TCP Versus UDP
TCP Port Numbers
Troubleshooting and Configuring Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
IP Addressing and Subnetting
Subnetting IP
Subnet Masks
Subnetting Class C Network Addresses
The Magic Number
Class B Subnetting
Configuring IP Addresses on Interfaces
DNS (Domain Name System)
Configuring a Router with DNS Servers
DNS Caching and Default Gateways
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
ping and trace Commands
The Default Route
Show Commands for Troubleshooting TCP/IP
show ip access-list Command
show ip arp Command
show controllers Command
show ip interface Command
show ip protocols
show ip route Command
show ip traffic Command
IP debug Commands
Configuring DHCP and the IP Helper Command
IP Helper Addresses
Chapter Summary
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1 TokenChapter 5. Windows Troubleshooting
ipconfig Commmand
winipcfg Command
ping Command
The tracert Command
pathping Command
The nslookup Command
The server Command
The root Command
ls
set debug Command
The set type Command
The nslookup Command
The nbtstat Command
The route Command
The arp Command
The ftp Command
The telnet Command
Chapter Summary
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1 TokenChapter 6. IPX/SPX
Protocol Overview
IPX
IPX Encapsulation
SAP and GNS
Understanding SAP
Troubleshooting SAP
Managing IPX and SAP on Virtual Circuits
Configuring IPX RIP
IPX EIGRP
Configuring EIGRP
Troubleshooting IPX EIGRP
NLSP
Enabling NLSP
NLSP Troubleshooting Commands
IPX Access Lists
Controlling SAP Advertisements with Access Lists
IPX General Troubleshooting Commands
Chapter Summary
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1 TokenChapter 7. Troubleshooting the Physical Layer
Equipment Used to Troubleshoot the Physical Layer
Basic Cable Testers
Time Domain Reflectors (TDRs)
Optical Time Domain Reflectors (OTDRs)
Protocol Analyzers
Troubleshooting with the show Commands
The show interfaces Command
The show interfaces ethernet Command
The show interfaces tokenring Command
The show controllers Command
The show ip traffic Command
show arp
Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)
The show cdp entry Command
The show cdp interface Command
The show cdp neighbors Command
The show cdp traffic Command
Configuring CDP
Configuration and Fault Management
How Network Monitors Work
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
Cisco NMS Software
Chapter Summary
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1 TokenChapter 8. Troubleshooting the Data Link Layer
Hardware Troubleshooting
Power Failure
Power-On Self Test (POST)
Switch Indicator Lights
Troubleshooting Cables
Use the Correct Ethernet Cable
Layer 2 Switching Troubleshooting Basics
Broadcast and Unicast Forwarding
Aggregate Bandwidth
Full-Duplex Versus Half-Duplex
Supported Media Types
Differences Between Bridges and Switches
Catalyst Switch Troubleshooting Software
CWSI
RMON (Remote Monitoring)
Lost Password
Switch Troubleshooting Commands
show cam Command
show cdp Command
show config Command
show flash and show platform Commands
show interface Command
show log Command
show mac Command
show module Command
show port Command
show spantree Command
show system Command
show test Command
show version Command
show diagnostics
Chapter Summary
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1 TokenChapter 9. Troubleshooting Virtual LAN
VLAN Trunks
IEEE 802.10
IEEE 802.1Q
Inter-Switch Link (ISL)
LANE
The VLAN Trunk Protocol (VTP)
VTP Advertisements
Inter-VLAN Routing
VLAN Configuration
Configuring VLAN Trunks
VTP Pruning
Assigning a VLAN Membership to a 1900 Series Switch
Static and Dynamic VLANs
Configuring VLAN and Enabling VTP on the 1900EN Series Switch
Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing on an External Router
Inter-Switch Link (ISL)
IEEE 802.1Q Standard
Inter-VLAN Routing Troubleshooting
show vtp domain Command
Chapter Summary
Review Questions
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1 TokenChapter 10. Troubleshooting Serial Links
Diagnosing Serial Link Symptoms with the show interface Command
Interface Is Administratively Down; Line Protocol Is Down
Interface Is Down; Line Protocol Is Down
Interface Is Up; Line Protocol Is Down
Keepalive Sequencing Not Incrementing
Interface Is Up; Line Protocol Is Up (Looped)
Incrementing Carrier Transition Counter
Incrementing Interface Resets
Input Drops, CRC, and Framing Errors
Troubleshooting Techniques for Serial Link Problems
Cable Faults Causing Loss of the Carrier Detect
Line Speed Overloads the Router’s Capacity
CSU/DSU Loopback Testing
Serial Link Troubleshooting Commands
The clear counters serial Command
The debug serial interface Command
The show buffers Command
The show controllers serial Command
The show interface serial Command
Troubleshooting Frame Relay
Frame Relay Troubleshooting Steps
Encapsulation Type Issues
DLCI Mismatch
Access List Issues
Frame Relay Troubleshooting Commands
Troubleshooting X.25
X.25 and Packet-Layer Protocol (PLP)
X.121 Address Format
X.25 Troubleshooting Problems
X.25 Troubleshooting Commands
Chapter Summary
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1 TokenChapter 11. Troubleshooting Routing Protocols
Routing Protocols
Link-State Routing Protocols
Convergence Time
Distance-Vector Routing Protocols
Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
Troubleshooting RIP
Internet Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP)
Troubleshooting IGRP
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
Troubleshooting OSPF
IGRP Versus EIGRP
Benefits of EIGRP
EIGRP Features
EIGRP Troubleshooting Commands
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS)
Chapter Summary
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1 TokenChapter 12. Troubleshooting ISDN
ISDN Overview
Dial-On-Demand Routing
Using Dialer Lists to Specify Interesting Traffic
Troubleshooting ISDN Misconfigurations
Service Profile Identifier
Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
The dialer map Command
Access Lists
Point-To-Point Protocol (PPP)
Troubleshooting Connections at the Physical Layer
The Local Loop and Its Connections
Terminology for Troubleshooting After the Physical Layer
Troubleshooting Misconfigured Provider Switches
Troubleshooting the Data Link Layer: q.921 and PPP
The q.921 Protocol
PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol)
Troubleshooting the Network Layer
Call Reference Flag Definitions and Message Types
Information Elements
Call Setup Steps for q.931 Signaling
Correct Switch Types
ISDN Troubleshooting Commands to Know
The clear interface bri Command
The debug bri Command
The debug dialer Command
The show controller bri Command
The show dialer Command
Chapter Summary
Exam Prep Practice Questions
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1 TokenChapter 13. Practice Exam 1
Questions, Questions, Questions
Choosing the Correct Answers
Tips for Success
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1 TokenChapter 14. Answer Key 1
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1 TokenChapter 15. Practice Exam 2
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1 TokenChapter 16. Answer Key 2
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1 TokenAppendix A. Top-Down and Bottom-Up Troubleshooting
The Cisco Campus Model
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1 TokenAppendix B. Contacting Cisco for Support
Contacting the TAC
Utilizing the Cisco CCO Site
Core Dumps
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1 TokenAppendix C. Scenario Questions
Scenario 1—Bad Subnetting
Scenario 2—Utilizations
Scenario 3—Determining the Probable Source
Scenario 4—Determining the Probable Source II
Conclusion
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1 TokenAppendix D. What’s on the CD-ROM
PrepLogic Practice Tests, Preview Edition
An Exclusive Electronic Version of the Text
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1 TokenAppendix E. Using PrepLogic Practice Exams, Preview Edition Software
Exam Simulation
Question Quality
Interface Design
Effective Learning Environment
Software Requirements
Installing PrepLogic Practice Exams, Preview Edition
Using PrepLogic Practice Exams, Preview Edition
Starting a Practice Test Mode Session
Starting a Flash Review Mode Session
Standard PrepLogic Practice Exams, Preview Edition Options
Time Remaining
Your Examination Score Report
Review Your Exam
Get More Exams
Customer Service
Product Suggestions and Comments
License Agreement
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1 TokenGlossary